Домен li. ru liveinternet. Войти: В статистику В дневник В почту. Популярные новости «Позор полякам»: калининградец пристыдил посла соседней республики в аэропорту Храброво видео Глава МИД ФРГ Бербок выступила против прекращения огня на Украине на условиях Москвы Гөлназ белән Вилдан аерылышканнар, диләр Татарстанның халык артисты Рамил Курамшин вафат В Тверской области при столкновении трёх машин пострадала летняя женщина.

Рейтинг сайтов Получить счетчик Всего тыс. сайтов, сегодня 0. просмотров, вчера - 1. Авто Города и регионы Дом и семья Знакомства, общение Игры Интернет Кино Компьютеры Литература Музыка MP3 Новости, СМИ Обучение Погода Путешествия Работа Развлечения Софт Спорт Товары, услуги Юмор. Искать в дневниках статистике. สมาชิกหมายเลข มนุษย์เงินเดือน. อยากหารายได้ โดยทำงานอยู่ที่บ้าน วันละสัก บาท ทำอะไรดีครับ. เพิ่งลาออกจากงานครับ เนื่องจากเบื่องานมาก เพราะทำมาเป็นสิบๆปีแล้ว อาการล้าเหนื่อยสะสม เลยตัดสินใจลาออกแบบไม่คิดหน้าคิดหลัง และมีเรื่องกับคนที่ทำงานด้วย ออกมาเหลือเงินติดตัวอยู่นิดหน่อย ตอนนี้อยู่มาจะส.

พอดีมันใกล้ปิดเทอมแล้วครับแล้วผมก็อยากหางานทำแต่ไม่ชอบออกจากบ้านเลยอยากทราบว่า มีงานออนไลน์อะไรที่ทำแล้วได้เงินจริงบ้างครับ ช่วยแนะนำทีครับ ให้ลิงค์ไว้ด้วยจะดีมาก -ไม่เอาแชร์ลูกโซ่นะครับ.

ใครมีรายได้สองทางบ้างคะ มาแชร์กัน. ต้องทำยังไงถึงจะหาเงินได้วันละ 2, บาท. ปัจจุบันขับวินในหมู่บ้านได้วันละ บาท ยังไม่มีใบขับขี่สาธารณะ ต้องรอครบปีก่อนค่ะ แต่มีความฝันหลายอย่างเลยอยากจะหาเงินให้ได้เยอะๆ แล้วคิดว่าถ้าหาเงินจำนวนนี้ได้ก็คงดี อยากให้มันเป็นไปได้น่ะค่ะ มีใคร. เทรดคริปโตก็เสีย เทรดฟอเร็กซ์ก็เสีย เทรดไบนารี่ก็เสีย เทรดห่าอะไรก็เสีย แล้วก็จะมีพวกมาพูดว่า เสีย ค่าครู ค่าครู พอเถอะครับหมดไปเป็นล้านแล้วครับถ้าเปลี่ยนจากการ.

อ่านกระทู้อื่นที่พูดคุยเกี่ยวกับ Startup ธุรกิจส่วนตัว เจ้าของธุรกิจ การตลาด. บนสุด ล่างสุด อ่านเฉพาะข้อความเจ้าของกระทู้. หน้า: หน้า จาก. แบ่งปัน :. ติดต่อทีมงานพันทิป ติดต่อลงโฆษณา. Under the iOS heading, click "User Interface". Select Storyboard, and click Next. Select iPhone from the Devices menu, and then name the file "Main". Make sure that it is saved in the same location as your project. Assign your Storyboard to your project.

Once you create the Storyboard, you will need to assign it as the main interface of your app. This will load the Storyboard when the app is launched. If you don't assign the storyboard, nothing will happen when you start the app up.

Click your project name in the left navigation tree. Find the Targets heading in the main frame. Select your project from the Targets list. Find the Deployment Info section in the General tab. Enter Main. storyboard into the "Main Interface" text field. Add your first screen by using a view controller. View controllers dictate how content is viewed by the user. There are a variety of preset view controllers available, including standard views and tables. You will add view controllers to your storyboard, which tells the app how to display the content to the user.

Select your "Main. storyboard" file in the project navigation menu. You will see a blank canvas appear in the Interface Builder window. Find the Object Library. This is located at the bottom of the right frame, and can be selected by clicking the little cube button. This will load a list of objects that can be added to your canvas. Click and drag the "View Controller" object onto the canvas.

Your first screen will appear on the canvas. Your first "Scene" is complete. When the app is started, the view controller will load your first screen. Add interface objects to your first screen. Once you have the view controller set, you can start populating the screen with the interface objects you need, such as labels, text input fields, and buttons. Interface objects can all be found in the Objects Library list that you found the View Controller object in.

Click and drag objects from the list to add them to your screen. Most objects can be resized by clicking and dragging the boxes on the edge of the object. When resizing, guidelines will appear on the screen so that you can ensure everything lines up correctly. Customize the objects you add. You can adjust the properties for each object, allowing you to create a custom and intuitive interface.

For example, you can add placeholder text to a text input field that will help guide the user on what they should input.

Select the object you want to customize and click the "Attributes Inspector" button at the top of the right frame. The button looks kind of like a shield.

Customize the object to your liking. You can change font style, font size, text color, alignment, background images, placeholder text, border style, and much more. The available options will change depending on the object you are customizing. Add more screens.

As your project grows, you will probably need to add more screen to display all the content necessary for the app to be useful.

For example, if you are making a to-do list app, you will need at least two screens: one for inputting a to-do list item, and one for viewing the entire list. More screens are added by dragging and dropping view controller objects onto blanks parts of your canvas. If you can't find a blank spot to drop it, click the "zoom out" button until you find empty areas. Make sure to drop the view controller onto the canvas and not onto an existing screen.

You can change the initial screen by selecting the view controller you want to lead with from the project outline. Click the Attribute Inspector button and check the "Is Initial View Controller" box. For example, if you are making a to-do list, you'll want the actual list to be the first thing the user sees when the app is launched. Add a navigation bar. Now that you have two screens in your app, it's time to make it so that the user can move back and forth between them.

You can do this through the use of a Navigation Controller, which is a specialized View Controller. This controller adds a navigation bar to the top of your app that allows user to move back and forth between screens. Select your initial view in the project outline. You should see a gray navigation bar appear at the top of the screen you added the controller to. Add functionality to the navigation bar. Now that you have inserted the navigation bar, you can start adding navigation tools to it.

This will allow your user to move back and forth between screens. Add a title to the navigation bar. Click the Navigation Item underneath the view controller you assigned it to.

Open the Attribute Inspector and type the title of the current screen in the Title field. Add a navigation button. Open the Objects library if its not already open and find the Bar Button Item. Click and drag it to the navigation bar. Typically, buttons that move you "forward" in the app are placed to the right, and buttons that move you "back" are placed to the left. Give the button a property.

Buttons can be configured to have specific properties that make them easy to adapt to the circumstance. For example, if you are creating a to-do list, you'll want an "Add" button to create a new entry.

Select the button, and open the Attribute Inspector. Find the Identifier menu and choose "Add". Link your new button to an existing screen. In order for your button to function, you will need to connect it to another screen. In our to-do list example, the button is located on the overall list, and needs to be linked to the entry screen.

To link the button, hold the Ctrl and drag the button onto the second screen. Choose "Push" to use the push transition when moving between screens. You can also choose "Modal", which will open the screen as a self-contained action as opposed to a sequence. If you use Push, a navigation bar will be added automatically to your second screen and a "back" button will be automatically created.

If you choose modal, you will need to manually insert a second navigation bar as well as add a "Cancel" and "Done" button for a to-do list; the labels of your buttons will change depending on the needs of your app. Simply select "Cancel" or "Done" from the Identifier menu in the Attribute Inspector. Add data handling capabilities.

Up to this point, you've been able to create a basic navigable interface without the need for any coding. If you want to add any deeper functionality, such as data storage and handling user input, you'll need to get your hands dirty in the code. Coding is outside of the scope of this guide, but there are a large number of Objective-C tutorials available online. Having a working interface will make it much easier to explain what you need on the coding side of things.

Part 4. Start the iOS Simulator. Xcode comes with a built-in iOS simulator that lets you test your app on a variety of simulated iOS devices. To start the Simulator, choose "Simulator and Debug" from the dropdown menu at the top of the Xcode window, and then choose the device you want to test on.

Build the app. Click the Build button, which looks like a traditional Play button, to compile the app and run it. Building the app may take a few minutes. you can watch the progress in the toolbar. Once the build process is complete, the iOS Simulator will open and you can begin testing your app. Test the app on your own iPhone. Before distributing your app for testing, you can test it on your own device if you have one. First, plug your device into your computer via USB. Close iTunes if it opens.

Select "Device and Debug" from the dropdown menu, and then click the Build button. After a few seconds the app should launch on the iPhone. test all of the functionality before closing the app. Debug your app. If your app crashed, you need to start figuring out what happened and why. This is a vast subject and there are countless reasons why your app may have crashed. Open the debug console and read the error messages. Most of the time they are rather cryptic. If you do not understand the error, try Googling the error message.

Chances are, you will find a post on the Apple development forum where a friendly seasoned developer has answered their plea. Debugging can be a very time consuming and tedious time for you. If you don't give up and persevere, in time you will get better at it. You will start to recognize the errors, track them down quickly, and even expect them on occasions. One common mistake is releasing an object from memory more than once. Another is forgetting to allocate memory and initialize an object before trying to add or assign to it.

With each app your errors will become fewer and fewer. Check memory usage. The iPhone has a very limited amount of memory. Each time you allocate an object some memory, you have to release it when you are done with it and give back the memory. Instruments is the iPhone SDK tool for viewing and analyzing your memory usage amongst other things.

This will launch Instruments and start the app on your device. Go ahead and use the app as normal. It will seem to freeze periodically as Instruments records and analyzes your memory usage. Any leaks will result in a red spike in the Leaks timeline. The source of the leaks will be displayed in the lower half of the screen.

Double clicking on the leaked objects will attempt to take you to the responsible code or clicking on the little arrow in the address column will show you the leak history. Sometimes where the leak is detected is not necessarily where it originated from. If you get really stumped, try by process of elimination. Sometimes you can narrow down the general area and then eventually home in on the responsible line.

When you know where it is, you can fix or rewrite it. Remember, using Google can often provide you with the quickest direct links to internal Apple forums or documentation that deal with your issue.

Popular Linux distributions [18] [19] [20] include Debian , Fedora Linux , and Ubuntu , the latter of which itself consists of many different distributions and modifications, including Lubuntu and Xubuntu.

Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland , and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether, or include a solution stack such as LAMP.

Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Linux also runs on embedded systems , i. devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes routers , automation controls, smart home devices , video game consoles , [32] televisions Samsung and LG Smart TVs , [33] [34] [35] automobiles Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai and Toyota , [36] and spacecraft Falcon 9 rocket, Dragon crew capsule and the Perseverance rover.

Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The source code may be used, modified and distributed commercially or non-commercially by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License GPL.

The Linux kernel, for example, is licensed under the GPLv2. The availability of a high-level language implementation of Unix made its porting to different computer platforms easier. As a result, Unix grew quickly and became widely adopted by academic institutions and businesses. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in Later, Sun Microsystems , founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University , also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.

With Unix increasingly "locked in" as a proprietary product, the GNU Project , started in by Richard Stallman , had the goal of creating a "complete Unix-compatible software system" composed entirely of free software. Work began in By the early s, many of the programs required in an operating system such as libraries, compilers , text editors , a command-line shell , and a windowing system were completed, although low-level elements such as device drivers , daemons , and the kernel , called GNU Hurd , were stalled and incomplete.

MINIX was created by Andrew S. Tanenbaum , a computer science professor, and released in as a minimal Unix-like operating system targeted at students and others who wanted to learn operating system principles.

Although the complete source code of MINIX was freely available, the licensing terms prevented it from being free software until the licensing changed in April Although not released until , due to legal complications , development of BSD , from which NetBSD , OpenBSD and FreeBSD descended, predated that of Linux. Linus Torvalds has stated on separate occasions that if the GNU kernel or BSD had been available at the time , he probably would not have created Linux.

While attending the University of Helsinki in the fall of , Torvalds enrolled in a Unix course. This textbook included a copy of Tanenbaum's MINIX operating system.

It was with this course that Torvalds first became exposed to Unix. In , he became curious about operating systems. Torvalds began the development of the Linux kernel on MINIX and applications written for MINIX were also used on Linux.

Later, Linux matured and further Linux kernel development took place on Linux systems. Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license, which prohibited commercial redistribution, to the GNU GPL. Linus Torvalds had wanted to call his invention " Freax ", a portmanteau of "free", "freak", and "x" as an allusion to Unix. During the start of his work on the system, some of the project's makefiles included the name "Freax" for about half a year.

Initially, Torvalds considered the name "Linux" but dismissed it as too egotistical. To facilitate development, the files were uploaded to the FTP server ftp. fi of FUNET in September Ari Lemmke, Torvalds' coworker at the Helsinki University of Technology HUT who was one of the volunteer administrators for the FTP server at the time, did not think that "Freax" was a good name, so he named the project "Linux" on the server without consulting Torvalds. To further demonstrate how the word "Linux" should be pronounced, he included an audio guide listen help · info with the kernel source code.

Adoption of Linux in production environments, rather than being used only by hobbyists, started to take off first in the mids in the supercomputing community, where organizations such as NASA started to replace their increasingly expensive machines with clusters of inexpensive commodity computers running Linux. Commercial use began when Dell and IBM , followed by Hewlett-Packard , started offering Linux support to escape Microsoft 's monopoly in the desktop operating system market.

Today, Linux systems are used throughout computing, from embedded systems to virtually all supercomputers , [31] [59] and have secured a place in server installations such as the popular LAMP application stack.

Use of Linux distributions in home and enterprise desktops has been growing. Linux's greatest success in the consumer market is perhaps the mobile device market, with Android being the dominant operating system on smartphones and very popular on tablets and, more recently, on wearables. Linux gaming is also on the rise with Valve showing its support for Linux and rolling out SteamOS , its own gaming-oriented Linux distribution, and later the Steam Deck platform.

Linux distributions have also gained popularity with various local and national governments, such as the federal government of Brazil. Greg Kroah-Hartman is the lead maintainer for the Linux kernel and guides its development.

These third-party components comprise a vast body of work and may include both kernel modules and user applications and libraries. Linux vendors and communities combine and distribute the kernel, GNU components, and non-GNU components, with additional package management software in the form of Linux distributions.

Many open source developers agree that the Linux kernel was not designed but rather evolved through natural selection. Torvalds considers that although the design of Unix served as a scaffolding, "Linux grew with a lot of mutations — and because the mutations were less than random, they were faster and more directed than alpha-particles in DNA. Raymond considers Linux's revolutionary aspects to be social, not technical: before Linux, complex software was designed carefully by small groups, but "Linux evolved in a completely different way.

From nearly the beginning, it was rather casually hacked on by huge numbers of volunteers coordinating only through the Internet. Quality was maintained not by rigid standards or autocracy but by the naively simple strategy of releasing every week and getting feedback from hundreds of users within days, creating a sort of rapid Darwinian selection on the mutations introduced by developers.

Such a system uses a monolithic kernel , the Linux kernel , which handles process control, networking, access to the peripherals , and file systems. Device drivers are either integrated directly with the kernel, or added as modules that are loaded while the system is running.

The GNU userland is a key part of most systems based on the Linux kernel, with Android being the notable exception. The Project's implementation of the C library works as a wrapper for the system calls of the Linux kernel necessary to the kernel-userspace interface, the toolchain is a broad collection of programming tools vital to Linux development including the compilers used to build the Linux kernel itself , and the coreutils implement many basic Unix tools.

The project also develops Bash , a popular CLI shell. The graphical user interface or GUI used by most Linux systems is built on top of an implementation of the X Window System. Many other open-source software projects contribute to Linux systems. Installed components of a Linux system include the following: [76] [78]. The user interface , also known as the shell , is either a command-line interface CLI , a graphical user interface GUI , or controls attached to the associated hardware, which is common for embedded systems.

For desktop systems, the default user interface is usually graphical, although the CLI is commonly available through terminal emulator windows or on a separate virtual console. CLI shells are text-based user interfaces, which use text for both input and output. The dominant shell used in Linux is the Bourne-Again Shell bash , originally developed for the GNU project. Most low-level Linux components, including various parts of the userland , use the CLI exclusively.

The CLI is particularly suited for automation of repetitive or delayed tasks and provides very simple inter-process communication.

On desktop systems, the most popular user interfaces are the GUI shells , packaged together with extensive desktop environments , such as KDE Plasma , GNOME , MATE , Cinnamon , LXDE , Pantheon and Xfce , though a variety of additional user interfaces exist.

Most popular user interfaces are based on the X Window System , often simply called "X". It provides network transparency and permits a graphical application running on one system to be displayed on another where a user may interact with the application; however, certain extensions of the X Window System are not capable of working over the network.

Org Server , being the most popular. Server distributions might provide a command-line interface for developers and administrators, but provide a custom interface towards end-users, designed for the use-case of the system.

This custom interface is accessed through a client that resides on another system, not necessarily Linux based. Several types of window managers exist for X11, including tiling , dynamic , stacking and compositing. Window managers provide means to control the placement and appearance of individual application windows, and interact with the X Window System. Simpler X window managers such as dwm , ratpoison , i3wm , or herbstluftwm provide a minimalist functionality, while more elaborate window managers such as FVWM , Enlightenment or Window Maker provide more features such as a built-in taskbar and themes , but are still lightweight when compared to desktop environments.

Desktop environments include window managers as part of their standard installations, such as Mutter GNOME , KWin KDE or Xfwm xfce , although users may choose to use a different window manager if preferred.

Wayland is a display server protocol intended as a replacement for the X11 protocol; as of [update] , it has received relatively wide adoption.

Therefore, a Wayland compositor takes the role of the display server, window manager and compositing manager. Weston is the reference implementation of Wayland, while GNOME's Mutter and KDE's KWin are being ported to Wayland as standalone display servers.

Enlightenment has already been successfully ported since version Linux currently has two modern kernel-userspace APIs for handling video input devices: V4L2 API for video streams and radio, and DVB API for digital TV reception.

Due to the complexity and diversity of different devices, and due to the large number of formats and standards handled by those APIs, this infrastructure needs to evolve to better fit other devices.

Also, a good userspace device library is the key of the success for having userspace applications to be able to work with all formats supported by those devices. The primary difference between Linux and many other popular contemporary operating systems is that the Linux kernel and other components are free and open-source software.

Linux is not the only such operating system, although it is by far the most widely used. The most common free software license, the GNU General Public License GPL , is a form of copyleft, and is used for the Linux kernel and many of the components from the GNU Project. Linux-based distributions are intended by developers for interoperability with other operating systems and established computing standards. Linux systems adhere to POSIX , [87] SUS , [88] LSB , ISO , and ANSI standards where possible, although to date only one Linux distribution has been POSIX.

Free software projects, although developed through collaboration , are often produced independently of each other. The fact that the software licenses explicitly permit redistribution, however, provides a basis for larger-scale projects that collect the software produced by stand-alone projects and make it available all at once in the form of a Linux distribution. Many Linux distributions manage a remote collection of system software and application software packages available for download and installation through a network connection.

This allows users to adapt the operating system to their specific needs. Distributions are maintained by individuals, loose-knit teams, volunteer organizations, and commercial entities.

A distribution is responsible for the default configuration of the installed Linux kernel, general system security, and more generally integration of the different software packages into a coherent whole. Distributions typically use a package manager such as apt , yum , zypper , pacman or portage to install, remove, and update all of a system's software from one central location.

A distribution is largely driven by its developer and user communities. Some vendors develop and fund their distributions on a volunteer basis, Debian being a well-known example.

Open the Attribute Inspector and type the title of the current screen in the Title field. Have your iTunes artwork ready. Linux at Wikipedia's sister projects. Vaughan-Nichols January 4, PPIC Statewide Survey. Quality was maintained not by rigid standards or autocracy but by the naively simple strategy of releasing every week and getting feedback from hundreds of users within days, creating a sort of rapid Darwinian selection on the mutations introduced by developers.

Categories:

• Forex
• Binary Options online
• Binary Options
• Forex Bitcoin
• Forex Brokers